Embedding subtitles srt into avi files with mencoder
Easier than you might think.
Home
Firefox 3.6 and Java on Linux
Finding that you’re lacking Java in Firefox 3.6 on Linux? The steps to install it are easy, but you have to do things a bit differently than you have in previous Firefox-versions.
First head over to the Download-section at http://www.java.com. Select to download the file named Linux RPM (self-extracting file) (if you’re using an RPM-based distribution like Fedora). Once it’s downloaded, and assuming it has been downloaded to the folder Downloads, do the following:
su -
chmod +x /home/jorge/Downloads/jre-6u18-linux-i586-rpm.bin
/home/jorge/Downloads/jre-6u18-linux-i586-rpm.bin
After agreeing to the license terms, just type Yes and press enter. Now making the plugin work with Firefox. I mentioned earlier that you have to do things a bit differently. Whereas we used the file libjavaplugin.so before, now we have to use the next generation Java plugin, namely libnpjp2.so. So execute the following command to make things work:
Restart your browser, and you should have Java. Verify it at http://java.com/en/download/installed.jsp?detect=jre&try;=1.
Enjoy!
Firefox 3.6 on Fedora 12
Easy peasy:
And that should upgrade Firefox for the newest available in the repositories.
Rhythmbox equalizer revisited
June 30th 2009 I wrote about an equalizer-plugin for Rhythmbox which then was just about the only decent thing available. It now seems that that plugin isn’t being worked on anymore. Luckily we have people like Christopher Kruse from . :) He has now released version 1.3 of his Rhythmbox equalizer-plugin, which you can find at .
The installation:
Head on over to for the main post. Thanks Christopher!
And of course, a screenshot of the plugin:
Split and merge PDFs with pdftk
Update: Unfortunately, pdftk seems no longer to be maintained for Fedora 21. So if you’re having problems getting hold of it, try the alternative utility poppler-utils. You can find the guide at http://jorge.fbarr.net/2015/02/20/split-and-merge-pdfs-part-2/.
First install it:
Then use it:
Merge
Split
A very handy tool.
Accelerating OpenSSH connections
You’ve probably been in the situation before where you have to connect to a server several times, which means that you most likely have to re-authenticate each time. There are several workarounds to this. You can use ssh-keys, or a socket to bypass it. How? In this round we’ll learn about sockets.
Open up your /etc/ssh/sshd_config and find the line Host *. Right below it, paste the following:
And voila, that should speed up your OpenSSH-connection a bit, not to mention you won’t have to re-authenticate each time. Example?
First time:
ssh jorge@totoro
jorge@totoro’s password:
Last login: Mon Dec 14 08:24:54 2009 from home.example.com
[jorge@totoro ~]$
Second time:
As you can see from the first try we have to authenticate at least once. When done with that, you SSH to the same server, without the need to authenticate again. Without the sockets-setup you’d have to authenticate twice. Nifty huh?
Fedora 12 on the Acer Aspire One
Another round of an Acer Aspire One tale, this time with Fedora 12 in play. Some of the newest additions to Fedora 12 are:
- Support for Bluetooth devices
- Improved NetworkManager
- Improved PackageKit
- Empathy, the new default IM-client (not in XFCE, you need to install it)
- Midori, a lightweight browser
And many other things. For more detailed information check out .
Let’s get down to business and install Fedora 12 on our Acer Aspire One, shall we?
Preparing your USB-pen
Here we are again, preparing our USB-pen for Fedora 12. Unfortunately, the only way you can get hold of the ISO is by downloading it with a torrent, so it might take a while if you don’t have the right ports opened!
What we need to do is to install the Live CD to a USB-pen/drive. To do that download the torrent from here. With me having a stationary machine using Fedora 11, I’ll assume that you do as well. :D su to root and install the package livecd-tools:
Once the package is installed, and the iso has been downloaded, plug in your USB-pen/drive. I will also assume that your USB-pen/drive has been given the name sdb1. You can check it with the command dmesg, just look at the bottom of output if it has detected it. It should look something like this:
sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] 1974272 512-byte logical blocks: (1.01 GB/964 MiB)
sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off
sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 00 00 00 00
sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
sdb: sdb1
sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Assuming drive cache: write through
sd 9:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI removable disk
If your USB-pen has previously had another operating system running on it, the Master Boot Record (MBR) might already have some data on it that crashes with what we’re about to do. So to clear the MBR (excluding the partition table), you can do one of the two following things; Use the flag –reset-mbr when running livecd-iso-to-disk or using the dd command. I recommend using the first option, and if that fails, try the second one.
With your iso downloaded, execute the following command:
# livecd-iso-to-disk --reset-mbr /home/jorge/downloads/Fedora-12-i686-Live-XFCE/Fedora-12-i686-Live-XFCE.iso /dev/sdb1
Fedora-12-i686-Live-XFCE.iso being the Live CD iso we just downloaded. This command will copy the Live CD iso to your USB-pen, making that your bootable device.
Now, if the MBR is still causing problems (like the USB-pen not booting), try the following:
Warning: This command can render your system useless, so be CAUTIOUS and sure before you use it. Make sure that /dev/sdb is in fact your USB-pen, and not some other device. You have been warned!
And run the livecd-iso-to-disk-command above again.
For more information about how to create and use a Live USB device, check out .
Installing Fedora 12
Now that the USB-pen is ready to go, reboot your Acer Aspire One, and at boot press F12 to be able to select what boot device to boot from. Your device should pop up in that list. Log in as usual, and double-click the icon that says Install to Hard Drive. Follow the process as normal, however, when it gets time to partition the disk, there are a few changes we need to make.
We’ll be using the ext4 filesystem on our Acer Aspire One.
We should be at the partitioning-screen now. Select Use Entire Drive (if you want to remove everything that is on the machine from before), and click the box that says Review and modify partitioning layout. Remember to click the box next to the device that says sda! If you select sdb, which should be your USB-pen, you’ll most likely wipe everything there. When done, click Next.
Now we should be in a new screen. We don’t want LVM on an SSD-disk, so we remove it.
Click on the line that says vol_MACHINENAME and click Delete.
Now click on the line that says /dev/sda2 and click Edit. Change the File System Type to ext4 and then change the Mount Point to /. Make sure that you have checked the box sda (and ONLY sda) in Allowable Drives and selected Fill to maximum allowable size. When done, press OK, and then click Next. A question will pop up, telling you that you haven’t selected a swap partition, and if you still want to continue with this partitioning scheme. Select Yes, and then select Write changes to disk. When a question about a boot loader comes up, simply press Next.
When the formatting and installation is done, you can reboot your Acer, answer a few questions, and your system should be up and going.
Disabling SELinux
As usual, SELinux remains the same pain as before. So we remove it like we’ve done so many times before.
Once you’re in the system, press Alt-F2, type terminal, su to root, and edit the file /etc/selinux/config and set the variable SELINUX to disabled. Save and close the file.
Optimizing Fedora 12
I assume that by now you are actually using the Fedora 12 installation. Here’s how to improve the system performance a bit.
Optimizing your disk
Quoting the Ubuntu wikipages:
Frequent writes to the SSD will cause failure eventually. We can reduce the number of writes to the SSD by moving our logs to a temporary filesystem in RAM that gets destroyed at ever reboot. Now this means your logs will not be persistent across reboots making debugging difficult in some cases. This step is optional of course, so if you need the logs for an extended period of time do not follow these steps.
Let’s assume that you want to do this. su to root, and open up the file /etc/fstab, and place these following lines there:
Also, modify the first line in /etc/fstab to include the options noatime and nodiratime. When done, your /etc/fstab should look something like this:
UUID=0dbcdea1-3f91-477a-b730-ea6033c45b5c / ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 1 1
UUID=6f651dc4-3d50-4a28-b3d0-fc91b41f737c /boot ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
tmpfs /var/log tmpfs defaults 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
tmpfs /var/tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
Save the file, and close it. The next thing we can do is to place the following into your /etc/rc.d/rc.local-file:
# Economize the SSD
sysctl -w vm.swappiness=1 # Strongly discourage swapping
sysctl -w vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50 # Don't shrink the inode cache aggressively
# As in the rc.last.ctrl of Linpus
echo ondemand > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
echo ondemand > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu1/cpufreq/scaling_governor
cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/ondemand/sampling_rate_max > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/ondemand/sampling_rate
echo 1500 > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
echo 20 > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
echo 10 > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
echo 1 > /sys/devices/system/cpu/sched_smt_power_savings
echo 10 > /sys/module/snd_hda_intel/parameters/power_save
echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
#Decrease power usage of USB while idle
[ -w /sys/bus/usb/devices/1-5/power/level ] && echo auto > /sys/bus/usb/devices/1-5/power/level
[ -w /sys/bus/usb/devices/5-5/power/level ] && echo auto > /sys/bus/usb/devices/5-5/power/level
/sbin/modprobe sdhci
Create a file named blacklist_msreader.conf in /etc/modprobe.d, with the following in it:
Open up the file /boot/grub/grub.conf and add elevator=noop to the kernel-line, making this:
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.6-145.fc12.i686 ro root=UUID=0dbcdea1-3f91-477a-b730-ea6033c45b5c noiswmd LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=no rhgb quiet
Look like this:
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.5-127.fc12.i686 ro root=UUID=0dbcdea1-3f91-477a-b730-ea6033c45b5c noiswmd LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=no rhgb quiet elevator=noop
Proceed with rebooting your machine, and everything should be working fine. :)
Removing journaling
Another thing you can do to increase the speed of your disk is disabling journaling of the ext4 filesystem. I sure hope you have your USB-pen/drive in hand, because we’re going to need it. Reboot your machine, with your USB-thingie plugged in, and again press F12 at boot, selecting your USB-device as the boot device. When done booting to the Live CD, press Alt-F2 and type terminal, and su to root. Find out what the partition with Linux is named. If you’ve partitioned things according to this guide, it should be /dev/sdb2. It’s basically the partition that holds the root of your Linux.
What we first need to do is to edit the file /etc/fstab on your disk. Why? Some tools have yet to catch up. In particular, the version of e2fsprogs currently in Fedora 12 won’t read the UUIDs from such filesystems. And because the Fedora installer generates an /etc/fstab which identifies filesystems by UUID, if you just run the tune2fs-command we’ll be using, the system can’t find its root filesystem and so doesn’t get very far through the boot process.
So, in order to edit the /etc/fstab-file, we first mount up the partition /dev/sda2. So remember, Fedora 12 is now installed, but you boot on the LiveCD/LiveUSB, and have a terminal up and going. As root, execute the following commands:
Now open up the file named fstab. The two lines that currently look like this:
UUID=6f651dc4-3d50-4a28-b3d0-fc91b41f737c / ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 1 1
UUID=0dbcdea1-3f91-477a-b730-ea6033c45b5c /boot ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 1 2
Should look like this:
/dev/sda2 / ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 1 1
/dev/sda1 /boot ext4 defaults,noatime,nodiratime 1 2
We simply replaced the UUID-strings with the partitions /dev/sda2 and /dev/sda1. Once you’ve edited the file, save it, and close it.
Now we need to update /boot/grub/grub.conf.
Execute this command:
And open up the file grub.conf. What used to look like this:
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.6-145.fc12.i686 ro root=UUID=0dbcdea1-3f91-477a-b730-ea6033c45b5c noiswmd LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=no rhgb quiet elevator=noop
Should now look like this:
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.6-145.fc12.i686 ro root=/dev/sda2 noiswmd LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=no rhgb quiet elevator=noop
Save the file, close it, and unmount the partitions like this:
Now that they both are unmounted, all we have to do is run the tune2fs-command to disable journaling from the ext4-partition:
Reboot your machine, and you should now have an ext4 filesystem with journaling disabled.
Now should be the time to update all of your packages before proceeding. So when you are logged back into your system again, open up a terminal, su to root, and do a:
Brace yourself, this might take a while. :)
Optimizing Firefox
There are quite a few ways to make your Firefox go faster, one of them being to disable caching completely. Try these out, and let me know how they work. In your Firefox, type about:config as your URL, and press enter. Search for these values, and change them to what I’ve written up here:
Select all text when click on the URL bar
In Windows and Mac, Firefox highlights all text when you click on the URL bar. In Linux, it does not select all the text. Instead, it places the cursor at the insertion point. Regardless which platform you are using, you can now tweak it to either select all or place cursor at insertion point.
- browser.urlbar.clickSelectsAll: true
Caching
When a page is loaded, Firefox will cache it into the hard disk so that it doesn’t need to be download again for redisplaying. The bigger the storage size you cater for Firefox, the more pages it can cache.
- browser.cache.disk.enable: false
false disabled caching completely, true enables it. If you want to modify the amount of cache used (instead of disabling it), have a look at browser.cache.disk.capacity.
Network
Config name: network.http.pipelining Default: False Modified value: True
Config name: network.http.proxy.pipelining Default: False Modified value: True
Config name: network.http.pipelining.maxrequests Default: 4 Modified value: any value higher than 4, but not more than 8
Config name: network.http.max-connections Default: 30 Modified value: 96
Config name: network.http.max-connections-per-server Default: 15 Modified value: 32
Enabling auto-login
First off, a huge thanks to the user mjc for this great tip which allows you to enable auto-login!
Edit the file /etc/gdm/custom.conf to make it look something like:
[daemon]
TimedLoginEnable=true
AutomaticLoginEnable=true
AutomaticLogin=jorge
TimedLogin=jorge
TimedLoginDelay=0
Replacing jorge with the username you want to automatically log in as. When done, save and exit the file.
Now you have to remove the keyring password. Yes, that does mean that your keys and passwords will be unprotected.
To change/remove the keyring password:
- Open Passwords and Encryption Keys in Accessories
- Go to the Passwords-tab
- Right-click the Passwords:login-keyring and select Change Password.
Enter in your password in the top field and leave the new password fields (Password and Confirm password) empty to remove the keyring password. Click Change. Reboot your machine and you should log in automatically!
Thanks again mjc!
Ways to extend your battery life
There are several things you can do to extend the battery life on your Acer Aspire One.
- Turn the screen brightness down – your screen is the most power-intensive component in your laptop, and why turn the brightness all the way up if you already can see well enough?
- When not in use, turn of the wireless and bluetooth functions.
- If you have enough memory on your laptop, disable swapping (we’ve done it in this case). I would suggest putting in more memory, as swapping writes to virtual memory.
- Journaling-filesystem on a SSD-disk = baaad. More writing to disk means more power used. In this howto we’re using ext4 without journaling, but just wanted to remind you. :)
- Disable all services that aren’t used. A lot of distributions come with say httpd enabled at start up. If you don’t need it, get rid of it.
- When you’re in no need of sound – mute it!
Jason Farrel has these following tips to apply as well:
- Use powertop to eliminate more power hogs.
- If using mplayer to play video, and you see nasty horizontal tearing, it’s because the fast overlay isn’t being used by default. Edit ~/.mplayer/config and gui.conf to use vo=xv:port=XX where XX is the port returned from the xvinfo util for the overlay adaptor – this should be 79.
- To cut the bootup time almost in half (down to 25 seconds here), disable uneeded services. Here’s a bit of code to disable the services (run it as root): for s in atd auditd avahi-daemon bluetooth cups ip6tables \ mdmonitor sendmail livesys livesys-late microcode_ctl; \ do echo “chkconfig $s off”; chkconfig $s off; done
- This one makes a big difference: don’t forget to disable Firefox’s disk cache or you’ll grind to death.
Thanks for the tips Jason (from the Fedora 10 post). :)
Now this next bit is VERY important, if you want your Acer Aspire One to perform as best as it can. Keep in mind that this applied to Fedora 10, and applies to Fedora 11 as well as Fedora 12:
I installed FC10 like you described. It works fine. I was a bit surprised the AAO appeared rather slow compared to my EEE 1000H. So I ran cat /proc/cpuinfo. It appeared the CPU ran at 800 Mhz. I first looked at the BIOS, but the CPU ran at 1600 Mhz over there. Then I looked at services and found cpuspeed running. This is for scaling the CPU speed. After disabling this service the cat /proc/cpuinfo reported 1600 Mhz CPU speed and the system runs much smoother (and most probably consumes more power!).
So start/stop the service:
Throw in a:
To disable the service at boot-time.
Thanks to Jaap (from the Fedora 10 post) for the tip. :)
Minor troubleshooting
Make the sound work properly
When checking the initial volume-settings, you’ll notice that you can hear a little bit of sound, but not much, even if you’ve cranked up the volume to the max. Thing is, we need to specify a little something, just a line really, to make it work properly. Create a file named /etc/modprobe.d/sound.conf with the following in it:
Thanks to Bruno Malone (from the Fedora 10 post) for the tip. :)
In my case, I’ve removed pulseaudio because I tend to play movies over NFS quite a bit, and pulseaudio always makes the sound turn choppy. So after having executed a:
I add a volume-icon on my taskbar by right-clicking on it, selecting Add New Items.. and adding the application Mixer.
Reboot, and your sound should be working perfectly fine, even after you’ve resumed from suspend. :)
Disabling Nouveau and using Intel
For me at least the driver Nouveau seems a bit choppy. So I decided to stick with Intel instead. Do the following to disable Nouveau and start using Intel:
Proceed with opening up the file /boot/grub/grub.conf and add the following to the end of the kernel-line:
Reboot and voila, you should be using Intel instead of Nouveau.
Using Fn-Arrow Up/Down to control the volume
If you come to notice that Fn-Up/Down doesn’t work for controlling the volume, it can easily be fixed. :) A program that’s needed, named amixer, isn’t installed. So as root, install it this way:
That should make things peachy again. ;)
Why is everything so big?
This is easily fixed. Press the tiny Fedora-icon on your menu, and go to Preferences, Appearance, go to the tab Fonts and click the Custom DPI Setting, and type 80. Done!
Double tap and scrolling doesn’t work on my Touchpad!
The new upstream Synaptics driver disables tapping and vertical edge scrolling by default. In order to fix this, first install the package xorg-x11-drv-synaptics like this:
And place the following in a file called /etc/hal/fdi/policy/10-synaptics.fdi:
Save and close it, and reboot. Double tap should now be working.
Making suspend work when closing the lid
It seems that XFCE 4.6 comes with a native Suspend and Hibernate function, so this should work out of the box! Unfortunately, it doesn’t quite. Suspend works great, but I haven’t had success with Hibernate, yet. And thanks to EasyTarget, who commented on this post, I finally know why. Quoting EasyTarget:
Jorge, I think the reason your Hibernate fails is that the Swap has been removed (for good reasons, I don’t have swap on my A110 either).. IIRC linux uses the swapfile for it’s hibernate functions, and not having a swapfile (or not having enough free space on the swap for your system ram+currently swapped data!) causes this to fail. Strangely this means you need a Huge swapfile to reliably hibernate your system.. I think it’s simply a no-go for SSD based systems at the moment. https://lists.linux-foundation.org/pipermail/linux-pm/2007-July/013971.html You might also be interested in.. http://wiki.debian.org/Hibernation/Hibernate_Without_Swap_Partition
Thanks for the information. :)
Other tips and tricks
Here are a few other minor tips and tricks.
Enabling the rpmfusion-repository
Easily done. su to root, and execute the following command:
# rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm
And that’s it! Search for a package by executing:
Installing yum-presto
Note: This section applies only to people who have a bad internet connection. This will increase the disk activity of the Acer Aspire One, so only use if you have a slow internet connection.
The presto plugin for yum adds support for downloading deltarpms and using them to generate new packages. If user enables this plugin, it will make a substantial dent in the amount of data having to be downloaded for updates. In other words, normally if you need to upgrade a package, yum will remove the complete package, and download the complete new package, even if a lot of the content is just the same. By enabling yum-presto it will only download the difference between those packages, making it faster and goes easier on the bandwidth by up to 80%, in some cases. Simply enable it by installing the yum-presto package:
And you’re set.
Installing Flash
As always, we need Flash for our browser. Thing is though, there’s an Adobe-repository we can use. If someone is bound to release a new version of Flash first, it’s them. So do the following as root:
# rpm -Uvh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe-release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm
# yum -y install flash-plugin
That’s it. Restart your browser, and you should now have Flash enabled.
Final words
So, that was it for this round! This post will be constantly updated with new things I stumble upon, or suggestions from people posting comments. Anything you’d like to add to this post? Get in touch, I’ll look it over!
Can’t end this post without a screenshot of Fedora 12 on the Acer Aspire One, can we? What you see below is the IM-client Empathy, along with the browser Midori, a file opened within the terminal with vim and the Eye of Gnome-program showing a picture taken with Cheese.
As always, comments and feedback is always appreciated.
Fedora 12 and Nvidia-problems
Update: It seems that the packages kmod-nvidia are now in the normal section of the rpmfusion-repository. So try a:
Before attempting anything mentioned below.
This is probably just an initial thing, but, upon installing Fedora 12, if you have installed the rpmfusion-repo, you’ll probably come to notice that there are no Nvidia-packages available. The solution? Not much hassle really.
Note: If you don’t have the rpmfusion-repo installed, do it like so:
rpm -Uvh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release-stable.noarch.rpm http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release-stable.noarch.rpm
Now, we proceed. First you need to disable the driver nouveau that comes as default with Fedora 12:
Then open up your grub.conf and add the following to the end of the kernel-line:
Making it look something like:
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.31.5-127.fc12.i686.PAE ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_cat-lv_root LANG=en_US.UTF-8 SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=no rhgb quiet nouveau.modeset=0 vga=0×318
The thing is that the package isn’t yet in the normal sections of the rpmfusion-repository, but still under testing. So execute the following command to grab what you need:
And that should be it. :) Reboot your machine and you should have a working Fedora 12 with Nvidia-support.
Removing your Master Boot Record (MBR)
Removing MBR (including the partition table):
Removing MBR (excluding the partition table):
sdX is the device you want to remove the MBR of (like a USB-stick).
Chromium and middle-click-loads-URL
Chromium is pretty great. It’s damn quick and I rather enjoy the interface. But for some reason the people developing it haven’t yet decided if they are going to implement the whole mark-an-url-and-press-the-scrollwheel-on-your-mouse-to-load-the-url. Phew, that’s a mouthful. Anyway, it has been annoying me like mad. Luckily, I found an extension at which seems to do the trick. So have a look, enjoy, and let’s hope that the developers make up their mind.